Coding with ARDUINO

After understanding the connection making on bread board we connected our first output device- LED on Arduino board’s digital output pin 13, On the micro controller  pin 13 acted as positive terminal and GND- Ground act as zero or negative terminal.

 (blinking aurdino led) it was blinking because the the reset code used was blink.

The Coding for this command was -

// the setup function runs once when you press reset or power the board

void setup() {

  // initialize digital pin LED_BUILTIN as an output.

  pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);

}

// the loop function runs over and over again forever

void loop() {

  digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH);   // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)

  delay(1000);                       // wait for a second

  digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW);    // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW

  delay(1000);                       // wait for a second

}

*Here the words – HIGH & LOW in digitalwrite means ON & OFF for  any Digital output and delay is time in milli seconds and can be altered accordingly.
The same command can be repeated by applying numerous LEDs on different pins and assigning them different codes. :)

LED with Buzzer : It did not need any other code as the same codes used for two output for 2 LEDs can be used as the number of outputs did not change.

Changing the LED with variable resistor , here TRIM, it is a small construction of potentiometer.

IR Sensor - We used IR sensor to detect IR emitting objects, maybe humans, and other objects.It can also detect any obstacle towards it is pointed. And it can be understood as digital output.

The code used :

the setup routine runs once when you press reset:

void setup() 

{

  // initialize serial communication at 9600 bits per second:

  Serial.begin(9600);

  // make the pushbutton's pin an input:

  pinMode(2, INPUT);

  pinMode(13,OUTPUT);

}

// the loop routine runs over and over again forever:

void loop()

 {

  // read the input pin:

  int ugPdl = digitalRead(3);

  if (ugPdl ==0)

  {

    Serial.println("Obstacle detected , Be careful");

    digitalWrite(13,HIGH);

    delay(1000); 

    digitalWrite(13, LOW); 

                

  }

  else

 {

 Serial.println("obstacle not detected , continue");

 digitalWrite(13,LOW);

 }

  

  // print out the state of the button:

  Serial.println(ugPdl);

  delay(1000);        // delay in between reads for stability

}

LDR Resistor -  As we knew that it can be used to detect changes in light and intensity of light. So to know the change  by the output device or can get the value on device used as output screen.(Here Laptop)

Code : 

// the setup routine runs once when you press reset:
void setup() {
// initialize serial communication at 9600 bits per second:
Serial.begin(19200);
// make the LDR sensor's pin an input:
pinMode(A0, INPUT);
pinMode(2, OUTPUT);     //here output refers to that of attached  LED's for visual data
}

// the loop routine runs over and over again forever:
void loop() {
// read the input pin:
int a = analogRead(A0);
if (a>=x)
{
Serial.println("abcdef");
digitalWrite(2, HIGH);
}
else
{
Serial.println ("ghijkl");
digitalWrite(2, LOW);
delay (1000);
}

Servo Meter – Servo meter was used next on arduino UNO .The aim for using it with Arduino was using it at the specific angles as well as controlling the time period for repetition.

the code for it:

#include <Servo.h>

Servo myservo;  // create servo object to control a servo

// twelve servo objects can be created on most boards

int pos = 0;    // variable to store the servo position

void setup() 

{

  myservo.attach(9);  // attaches the servo on pin 9 to the servo object

}

void loop() {

  for (pos = 0; pos <= 180; pos += 1) 

{ 

// goes from 0 degrees to 180 degrees

    // in steps of 1 degree

    myservo.write(pos);              // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'

    delay(15);                       // waits 15ms for the servo to reach the position

  }

  for (pos = 180; pos >= 0; pos -= 1) 

{ 

// goes from 180 degrees to 0 degrees

    myservo.write(pos);              // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'

    delay(15);                       // waits 15ms for the servo to reach the position

  }

}

{ERROR OCCURED WHILE UPLOADING VIDEO CONTENT}

DC Motor is any class of rotary electrical machines that converts direct current electrical energy into mechanical energy .

for this we will need a transmitter and wires , solder , solder stick and a screwdriver .

first solder two wires at both the terminals of the DC motor

then unscrew the screws at left or right forward and backward 

thereafter connect the two wires on the DC motor and tighten screws.

connect VCC , GND and pins 

The Code is:

Aim: To run the motor with the help of arduino board and transmitter 

code:

const int leftForward = 5;

const int leftBackward = 6;

const int rightForward = 4;

const int rightBackward = 2;

void setup() 

{

  pinMode(leftForward , OUTPUT);

  pinMode(leftBackward , OUTPUT);

  pinMode(rightForward , OUTPUT);

  pinMode(rightBackward , OUTPUT);

}

void loop()

{

  analogWrite(leftForward , 150);

  analogWrite(leftBackward , 0);

  delay(2000);

  analogWrite(leftForward , 0);

  analogWrite(leftBackward , 150);

  delay(2000);

  

  analogWrite(rightForward , 150);

  analogWrite(rightBackward , 0);

 delay(2000);

}