Kit Components and Basic circuits

The kit has many components , some are more in number too. I am taking in account the main components in this kit.  -

Burg wires(MALE TO MALE , MALE TO FEMALE , FEMALE TO FEMALE ) , Batteries ( Lithium Ion 3Volts battery  and  6F22 9Volt battery) , LED , Potentiometer , Buzzer , Push Button , Resistors , Servo Meter , Tilt Switch , Coin cell battery holder , DC Motor , Relay , LDR

Ultrasonic Sensor , Accelerometer, IR Sensor , Arduino UNO microcontroller

Bread Board – It is a circuit board which is used to make circuits. By using bread board, we can use burg wires to create circuits faster, easily and with less complications.

    

IR Infra Red Radiation sensor – IR sensor  transmits the Infra Red radiation , a form of light which has higher wavelength than a human eye can detect.

And is also used as ultrasonic sensor but has limitations of receiving IR from other sources and miscalculating the distance.

IR is also used to operate devices wireless-ly. For a common example it is used in TV and AC remote controls .

Relay - A relay is a kind of switch which makes circuit closed without using physical touch and can make switch for an AC circuit via a electromagnet working on a DC supply.

Ultrasonic Sensor – Ultra Sonic Sensor have two speaker look alike outlets , out of which one is transmitter and the other is receiver.

The transmitter transmits the sounds of higher frequency then human detection and then this sound strikes the surface between its path and comes back reflecting to receiver, the crystal on the sensor under the shiny metal box between the Tx and Rx  helps in  account for calculation of time. After the time is calculated , sensor calculates the distance of obstacle in path. And the whole process just takes a second.

Servo Motor – This motor  has gears and construction such as its handle can rotate at an angle of  180 and can be controlled in ways to repeat action and periodic turning can be achieved at  certain angles.

LCD – This is an out put device, and a basic level screen with three rows and  around 15 columns  each block for a single letter or number or character.

We use it show our message which we want on screen. 

Switches – Here are the two switches here,

 The one on the left in the above photo is a push button, when pushed it makes the circuit closed, and open when not interacted.

The other on right is a tilt switch it has small balls or pieces of conductor which closes or opens the circuit when these pieces get apart when tilted and opens the circuit , stopping the flow of current in circuit.

Accelerometer – It is a sensor which calculates the values of displacement along all the three axis In the real world. It gives the values instantaneously. 

Resistors – These are specifically carbon resistors, they are divided according to the values of resistances they have.

The –”E” denotes Ohm here and “K” denotes kilo Ohm. The values can also be calculated by the table I will provide at the end of this post.

Motor – This motor here has a white translucent plastic knob, which rotates as directed by coding. It has terminals but are not designated as positive or negative. There are many gears inside the plastic frame.

Buzzer -  We had two buzzers to use, both have a common concept of working.

These buzzers have a small sheet of piezoelectric material, Piezeoelectric material are materials which react to electric current by vibrating.

In these buzzers the material vibrates to make sound.

Potentiometer – This device is a variable resistance which uses length of the wire as the value of resistance and can be increased or decreased by rotating its knob.

It has its practical uses in volume changing in audio devices.

LDR (Light Dependant Resistance) – LDR is an example of a variable resistance.

Its resistance values depend on the amount of light falling in its surface, the concept can be understood by studying the name of the component itself.

So what we should get to know more is that when light falls on LDR the value of resistance increases or decreases?

Well without going on why this happens we should just gt to know that value of resistance decreases as more and more light falls on the resistance and when light is cut off the value for resistance is maximum.

LEDs  (Light Emitting Diodes) - there are varieties available for LEDs , we used two types which were different in colour and the size of LED was different.

LED have a basic structure and are energy efficient than filaments glowing.

It has a common feature of  identification of positive and negative terminal of it.

1-The longer wire holds he connection with positive terminal.

2- A small flat or blunt side when we touch the LED on sides , differing from its curvature holds the negative terminal inside it.

Coin Cell holder – This cell holder also has a positive and a negative terminal.

One can understand how to fit the coin cell in it by just experimenting and it is pretty obvious how it slides in, the other way round in not possible because of the curvature on the negative side of cell. When identifying the terminals of holder, we get that the terminal flap touching the flat side is positive and the other is negative.

Lithium Ion 3Volts battery  and  6F22 9Volt battery – The two batteries very different from each other. The major difference is the different chemical composition inside them which produces electricity.

The coin cell creates 3volt potential difference across the ends of its terminals and is non rechargeable, one time use.

The other 9 volt battery is rechargeable too. 

 Burg wires – These wires are very useful for making connections with the bread board and sensors, arduino board .

These are in three types  as in photograph above.

The top most is FEMALE TO FEMALE

Second is FEMALE TO MALE

And the last in column is MALE TO MALE 

Aurdino – It is a micro controller ,which we use to put the input as well as take out the output. It is like the middle thread for a two persons trying to communicate in their own languages.

It is a translator maybe, that is my way of understanding it.